Weights and measures

Metric ton of 1,000 kilos	= 2,205 lbs	= 0.984 Eng. Tons
English ton	= 2,240 lbs	= 1,016 kilos
American short ton	= 2,000 lbs	= 907.2 kilos
Stone	= 14 lbs	= 6.35 kilos
Russian pud	= 36 lbs	= 16.38 kilos
Register ton	= 100 cubic feet	= 2.8317 cub.m.
Cubic metre	= 35.319 cubic feet	= 0.3531 reg.tons
Pint	= 0.568 litres
Imperial gallon	= 8 pints	= 4.544 litres
Bushel	= 8 imp.gal.	= 36.37 litres
Quarter	= 8 bushels	= 290.9 litres
Imperial barrel	= 36 gallons	= 164 litres
U.S. gallon (liquid)	= 3.785 litres
U.S. barrel (liquid)	= 31.5 U.S. gal.	= 119 litres
U.S. barrel (petroleum)	= 42.1 U.S. gal.	= 159 litres
	100 litres	= 22 gallons
Hectolitre	= 3.532 cubic feet	2.75 bushels
		= 0.344 quarters
Last of grain	= 30 hectolitres	82.5 bushels
		= 10.32 quarters

Approximate weight of a last of grain:

Oats	= 1,500 kilos	= 3,300 lbs
Barley	= 1,950 kilos	= 4,200 lbs
Linseed	= 2,040 kilos	= 4,500 lbs
Buckwheat and rye	= 2,100 kilos	= 4,600 lbs
Maize and wheat	= 2,400 kilos	= 5,300 lbs
Baltic chetwert	=    2 hectolitres (approx.)	= 5,5 bushels

Soundings
Soundings on charts are usually given in metres, the following table being a guide to comparison

Metres to feet	Metres to fathoms	Metres	Fathoms to metres	Feet to metres
3.821	0.547	1	1.829	0.3048
6.562	1.094	2	3.658	0.6096
9.843	1.641	3	5.487	0.9144
13.123	2.188	4	7.316	1.2192
16.404	2.735	5	9.145	1.5240
19.685	3.282	6	10.974	1.8288
22.966	3.829	7	12.8.3	2.1336
26.247	4.376	8	14.632	2.4384
29.527	4.923	9	16.461	3.0480
32.809	5.468	10	18.290	3.0480

Nautical measures

Nautical mile = 1/60th of a degree of latitude = 6,040 feet on Equator to 6,100 feet on latitude 89% 

Nautical mile = Admiralty measured mile = 6,080 feet = 1.151 Statute land miles = 1.853 kilometres. 

Speed measures

Knots = number of nautical miles per hour 
101.3 feet per min. = 0.515 metres per sec. 
1 fathom = 6 feet = 1.8290 metres 
1 inch = 0.0254 metres 
1 foot = 12 inches = 0.3048 metres
1 cable = 600 feet (appr.) = 185 metres
1 nautical mile = 10 cables = 1,853 metres 
3 nautical miles = 1 league 

European measures compare as follows with the nautical mile of 6,080 feet

Nautical miles

0.868	= 1 British statute land mile
4.094	= 1 Australian mile
4.064	= 1 Danish mile
4.000	= 1 German mile
4.064	= 1 German ruthen
0.539	= 1 Kilometre
1.000	= 1 Italian mile
6.097	= 1 Norwegian mile
0.576	= 1 Russian mile
5.769	= 1 Swedish mile

Conversion factors

British to metric		Metric to British
28.35	Ounces to grammes	0.0353
0.4536	Pounds	2.2046
50.8	Hundredweights to kilo	0.0197
6.451	Square inches to square cm’s	0.1550
0.0929	Square feet to square metres	10.764
0.0283	Cubic feet to cubic metres	35.315
0.568	Pints to litres	10761
4.546	Gallons to litres	0.220
1.575	Tons/sq.inch to kilo/sq.millimetre	0.635
0.0703	Pounds/sq.inch to kilo/sq. cm’s	14.22
0.0998	Pounds per gallon to kilos per litre	10.438
0.1382	Footpounds to kilogrammetres	7.233
0.068	Pounds per sq.inch to atmospheres	14.70
1.0139	Horse power to pk (chev. e force)	0.9863
0.252	Heat units to calories	3.968
0.746	Horse power to kilowatts (kW)	1.315
1.852	Knots to kilometres per hour	0.540

Other measures

Austrian faden = 6.223 Eng.feet = 1.037 Eng.fathoms = 1.897 metres
Danish and Norwegian fan = 6.176 feet = 1.029 Eng.fathoms = 1.882 metres
Netherlands vadem = 5.905 Eng.feet = 0.984 Eng.fathoms = 1.800 metres
Russian sazhene =  6.000 Eng.feet = 1.000 Eng.fathoms = 1.829 metres Spanish braza = 5.492 Eng.feet = 0.915 Eng.fathoms = 1.675 metres
Swedish famn = 5.844 Eng.feet = 0.965 Eng.fathoms = 1.765 metres

Timber measures

Petrograd standard = 165 cub.feet = 4.672 cub.m. 
Skienfjordstandard = 120 cub.feet = 3.4 dub.m. 
Quebec standard = 299 cub.feet = 8.467 cub.m. 
Fathom (roundwood) = 216 cub.feet = 6.120 cub.m. 
Load = 50 cub.feet = 1.415 cub.m. 
1000 board feet = Brereton scale = 831/3 cub.feet = 2.358 cub.m. 
Japanese koku = 10 cub.feet = 0.283 cub.m.